The scalar value is the electric voltage along one edge of the surface A z(i, j, k), representing the exact value of the integral over of the electric field along this edge. Starting with Faraday’s law in integral formĪ z(i, j, k) of V n as the ordinary differential equation This results in the total number of N p := I Īfter the definition of the grid cell complex G, the further introduction of the FI-theory can be restricted to a single cell volume V n. The nodes (x i, y j, z k) are enumerated with the coordinates i, j and k along the x−, y− and z−axis. Also polygonal facets of the complex are associated with a direction.įor the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that Ω is brickshaped in the following description of the FI-technique and that the decomposition is given with a with a tensor product grid for Cartesian coordinates such that we get a cell complex G. For practical application such general cell complexes, where the cell edges may be curves, only play a role if they occur as coordinate meshes.Įach edge of the cells includes an initial orientation, of such manner that the union of these cell edges can be described as a directed graph. The FI-Technique extends to non-simplicial cells, as long as the resulting cell complex is homeomorphic to a simplicial cell complex. Also consistent subgrid schemes, which correspond to local mesh refinement including grid line termination techniques are already developed. This spatial discretization is a very generic cell-based approach and consequently, the FI-theory is not restricted to three-dimensional Cartesian meshes only all types of coordinate meshes, orthogonal as well as non-orthogonal meshes can be considered.
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This decomposition yields the finite simplicial cells complex G, which serves as computational grid. the intersection of two different cells is either empty or it must be a two-dimensional polygon, a one-dimensional edge shared by both cells or a point. The next step consists in the decomposition of the computational domain Ω into a locally finite number of simplicial cells V i such as tetra- or hexahedra under the premise that all cells have to fit exactly to each other, i.e. , which contains the space region of interest. The first discretization step of the FI-method consists in the restriction of the electromagnetic field problem, which usually represents an open boundary problem, to a simply connected and bounded space region This mathematical background is corresponding with conformal Edge-Finite-Element schemes used in computational electromagnetics, which are usually rather derived starting from mathematical variational formulations. They closely resemble the discrete formulations of the Finite Integration Technique. In the resulting discrete formulations the equations are typically separated in those which are metric-free, arising from topology, and in those which are metric-depended. Īlgebraic properties of the discrete formulation make it possible to develop long-term stable numerical time integration schemes or accurate eigenvalue solvers avoiding spurious modes. This finite volume-type discretization scheme for Maxwell’s equations is based upon the usage of integral balances and thus allows to prove stability and conservation properties of the discrete fields even before starting with numerical calculations, as described in. It provides a discrete reformulation of Maxwell’s equations in their integral form suitable for computers and it allows to simulate real-world electromagnetic field problems with complex geometries. The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) was first presented in 1977 by Prof.
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It is also the mathematical base for simulation software MAFIA and CST MICROWAVE STUDIO ®. So FIT is a numerical simulation method for approximation-free solutions of Maxwell's equations in their integral form. In addition, the basic algebraic properties of this discrete electromagnetic field theory allow to analytically and algebraically prove conservation properties with respect to energy and charge of the discrete formulation and gives an explanation of the stability properties of numerical formulations in the time domain. The resulting matrix equations of the discretized fields can be used for efficient numerical simulations. The Finite Integration Technique (FIT) is a consistent discretization scheme for Maxwell’s equations in their integral form. New for February 2015! This page was contributed by Klaus Debes. Click here to go to our main page on Maxwell's Equations